Fisioterapia de rehabilitación y pinzamiento femoroacetabular / Rehabilitation Physiotherapy and Femoroacetabular Impingement

Introducción: Durante los últimos 20 años el tratamiento del pinzamiento acetabular ha sido quirúrgico, sin embargo, se ha propuesto el manejo conservador y la aplicación de protocolos de fisioterapia individualizada como tratamiento para el pinzamiento femoroacetabular, lo cual es fundamental para reestablecer la función de la articulación. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados entre la fisioterapia de rehabilitación del pinzamiento femoroacetabular y el tratamiento quirúrgico. Métodos: El artículo se dividió en conceptos para facilitar la revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 5 años en la base de datos de Pubmed con el sistema MeSH, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline y BVS. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave en el buscador, combinadas con el operador AND: femoroacetabular impingement, fhysiotherapy AND femoroacetabular impingement, femoroacetabular impingement treatment, Non-operative Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se incluyeron en la revisión todos los metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y controlados, estudios prospectivos y artículos de revisión que comparan el tratamiento quirúrgico versus la fisiopterapia de rehabilitación en el tratamiento del síndrome de pinzamiento femoroacetabular, así como los que proponen la fisioterapia como opción de tratamiento inicial para el pinzamiento femoroacetabular, con la finalidad de evidenciar el grado de beneficio que tiene el manejo con fisioterapia en comparación con el quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La fisioterapia de rehabilitación ofrece un efecto beneficioso para el mejoramiento de la sintomatología, lo que permite, la disminución del dolor de cadera, además de restablecer la función y fuerza de la articulación(AU)

Introduction: During the last 20 years the treatment of acetabular impingement has been surgical; however, conservative management and the application of individualized physiotherapy protocols have been proposed as treatment for femoroacetabular impingement. This is essential to re-establish joint function. Objective: To compare the results between rehabilitation physiotherapy of femoroacetabular impingement and surgical treatment. Methods: The article was divided into concepts to facilitate the bibliographic review of the last 5 years in the Pubmed database with the MeSH system, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline and BVS. The keywords used in the search engine, combined with the AND operator were femoroacetabular impingement, fhysiotherapy AND femoroacetabular impingement, femoroacetabular impingement treatment, Non-operative Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement. Analysis and synthesis of the information: All meta-analyzes, randomized and controlled clinical trials, prospective studies and review articles comparing surgical treatment versus rehabilitation physiotherapy in the treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome were included in the review, as well as those that propose physiotherapy as an initial treatment option for femoroacetabular impingement, in order to demonstrate the degree of benefit that physiotherapy management has compared to surgery. Conclusions: Rehabilitation physiotherapy offers a beneficial effect for the improvement of symptoms, which allows the reduction of hip pain, in addition to restoring the function and strength of the joint(AU)

Pinzamiento femoroacetabular secundario a osteocondroma ilíaco solitario / Femoroacetabular impingement secondary to solitary iliac osteochondroma

El pinzamiento femoroacetabular provoca dolor agudo en la ingle anterior y limita la movilidad de la cadera. Es un síndrome clínico propiciado por una alteración en la anatomía ósea. Los osteocondromas son los principales tipos de tumores benignos, alteran la anatomía ósea y, según su localización, pueden generar dolor y pinzamiento. Este reporte de caso tuvo como objetivo el describir el tratamiento dado y la evolución clínica de un paciente con pinzamiento secundario a un osteocondroma ilíaco solitario. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 20 años con agudización de un dolor punzante y disminución en los arcos de movilidad en la articulación de la cadera derecha, sin mejoría con tratamiento sintomático. Mediante estudios de imagen se identificó una masa tumoral en la región afectada. Se realizó resección quirúrgica total mediante un abordaje lateral directo extendido de Hardinge. Dada la naturaleza benigna del tumor y su total resección, el paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente y se pudo incorporar a sus actividades cotidianas. Se concluye que los osteocondromas no son exclusivos de las metáfisis o epífisis de huesos largos. Deben sospecharse las presentaciones atípicas cuando el cuadro clínico es sugestivo, aun después de la adolescencia(AU)

Femoroacetabular impingement generates acute pain in the anterior groin and limitation of hip mobility. It is a clinical syndrome caused by an alteration in bone anatomy. Osteochondromas are the main types of benign tumors, they alter the bone anatomy and depending on their location, they can generate pain and impingement. This case report aims to serve as a reference for specialized care in communicating the diagnostic challenges and approach in a patient with secondary clamping to osteochondroma of atypical presentation. The present case report aims to describe the given treatment and clinical evolution of a patients presenting femoroacetabular impingement secondary to a solitary osteochondroma. We report a 20-year-old male patient with exacerbation of a shooting pain and decrease in the mobility arches in his right hip joint, with no improvement with symptomatic treatment. Through imaging studies, a tumor mass was identified in the affected region. Total surgical resection was performed through an extended direct lateral approach of Hardinge. Given the benign nature of the tumor and its total resection, the patient evolved satisfactorily. The prognosis is favorable. He was able to return to his daily activities. We concluded that osteochondromas are not exclusive to the metaphysis or epiphyses of long bones. Atypical presentations should be suspected when clinical manifestations suggest so, even after adolescence(AU)

Le pincement fémoro-acétabulaire provoque une douleur aigue au niveau du bassin antérieur et empêche la mobilité de la hanche. Il s'agit d'un syndrome clinique poussé par une altération de l'anatomie osseuse. Les ostéochondromes sont des tumeurs bénignes, altérant l'anatomie osseuse et, selon leur localisation, pouvant même déclencher la douleur et le pincement. Ce rapport de cas a le but de décrire le traitement proposé et l'évolution clinique d'un patient atteint de pincement secondaire à un ostéochondrome iliaque solitaire. Un patient âgé de 20 ans souffrant la recrudescence d'une douleur aigue et la diminution des arcs de mobilité de l'articulation de la hanche droite, sans soulagement, même sous traitement symptomatique, est présenté. Une masse tumorale a été identifiée par imagerie dans la région affectée. On a effectué une résection chirurgicale totale par la voie d'abord latérale directe et étendue de Hardinge. Étant données la nature bénigne de la tumeur et sa totale résection, le patient a eu une évolution satisfaisante, et a pu s'incorporer aux activités de la vie quotidienne. On peut conclure que les ostéochondromes ne sont pas exclusifs de la métaphyse ou de l'épiphyse des os longs. On doit suspecter des présentations atypiques lorsque le tableau clinique est suggestif, même après l'adolescence(AU)

Abordagem extracapsular para tratamento artroscópico de impacto femoroacetabular: resultados clínicos, radiográficos e complicações / Extracapsular approach for arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement: clinical and radiographic results and complications

Avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiográficos e as complicações relativos a pacientes submetidos a tratamento artroscópico de impacto femoroacetabular com o uso da abordagem extracapsular. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2011 e março de 2012, 49 pacientes (50 quadris) foram submetidos a tratamento artroscópico de impacto femoroacetabular pela Equipe de Cirurgia do Quadril do Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo (RS). Preencheram todos os requisitos necessários para este trabalho 40 pacientes (41 quadris). O seguimento médio foi de 29,1 meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo Harris Hip Score modificado por Byrd (MHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) e quanto à rotação interna do quadril. Também foram avaliados radiograficamente. Aferiu-se o ângulo CE, a dimensão do espaço articular, o ângulo alfa, o índice colo-cabeça, o grau de artrose e a presença de ossificação heterotópica do quadril. RESULTADOS: Dos 41 quadris tratados, 31 (75,6%) apresentaram resultados clínicos bons ou excelentes. Observou-se um aumento médio pós-operatório de 22,1 pontos para o MHHS, 21,5 para o NAHS e 16,4° na rotação interna do quadril (p < 0,001). Quanto à avaliação radiográfica, observou-se correção para índices considerados normais do ângulo alfa e índice colo-cabeça, com diminuição média de 32,9oe aumento médio pós-operatório de 0,10, respectivamente (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento artroscópico do impacto femoroacetabular com o uso da abordagem extracapsular apresentou resultados clínicos e radiográficos satisfatórios em seguimento médio de 29,1 meses, com poucas complicações.

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results and complications relating to patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement by means of an extracapsular approach. METHODS: Between January 2011 and March 2012, 49 patients (50 hips) underwent arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement, performed by the hip surgery team of the Orthopedic Hospital of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Forty patients (41 hips) fulfilled all the requirements for this study. The mean follow-up was 29.1 months. The patients were assessed clinically by means of the Harris Hip score, as modified by Byrd (MHHS), the Non-Arthritic Hip score (NAHS) and the internal rotation of the hip. Their hips were also evaluated radiographically, with measurement of the CE angle, dimensions of the joint space, alpha angle, neck-head index, degree of arthrosis and presence of heterotopic ossification of the hip. RESULTS: Out of the 41 hips treated, 31 (75.6%) presented good or excellent clinical results. There was a mean postoperative increase of 22.1 points for the MHHS, 21.5 for the NAHS and 16.4° for the internal rotation of the hip ( p< 0.001). Regarding the radiographic evaluation, correction to normal values was observed for the alpha angle and neck-head index, with a mean postoperative decrease of 32.9° and mean increase of 0.10, respectively ( p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement by means of an extracapsular approach presented satisfactory clinical and radiographic results over a mean follow-up of 29.1 months, with few complications.

Achados em ressonância magnética artrográfica de indivíduos com lesão do labrum acetabular / Magnetic resonance arthrographic findings in subjects with acetabular labral tears

OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados em artro RM de sujeitos com suspeita de lesão do labrum acetabular. MÉTODO: Foram analisadas 108 artro RM de quadris em 2007/2008. Dois radiologistas independentemente analisaram as imagens e foi considerada a resposta comum entre eles. Com base em seus pareceres observou-se o local e estadiamento das lesões labrais e condrais, as alterações anatômicas, e a presença de tendinite e bursite trocantérica. RESULTADO: As lesões labrais grau I ocorreram em 41 por cento dos casos, grau II em 31 por cento, e grau III em 29 por cento. O IFA tipo cam foi frequente em 36 por cento dos casos, tipo pincer em 11 por cento, e IFA misto em 13 por cento, nestes casos 57 por cento apresentaram lesão labral grau III, A lesão condral grau I foi observada em 51 por cento acetábulos, as de grau II em 13 por cento, e grau III em 18 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: As alterações morfológicas que provocam IFA do tipo cam foram as mais prevalentes. Em relação ao grau de lesão labral e condral foram predominantes as lesões grau I independente da presença ou do tipo de IFA, exceto em IFAs mistos onde houve predomínio de lesão labral grau III. Não foi observada uma relação entre o grau de lesão labral e condral.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the MR arthrographic findings in subjects with suspected acetabular labral tears of the hip. METHOD: 108 hip MRa results were analyzed in 2007-2008. Two radiologists independently interpreted the images, and the consensual answers between them were considered for analysis. Based on their opinions, information was obtained on the location, staging of the chondral and labral lesions, anatomic alterations, and the presence of trochanteric bursitis and tendonitis. RESULTS: 1st degree labral lesions occurred in 41 percent of cases, 2nd degree in 31 percent, and 3rd degree in 29 percent. The cam type FAI was common in 36 percent of cases, pincer FAI in 11 percent, and mixed cam-pincer FAI in 13 percent; in these cases 57 percent had grade III labral lesions. 1st degree chondral lesions were observed in 51 percent of acetabulum, 2nd degree in 13 percent, and 3rd degree in 18 percent. CONCLUSION: The morphologic alterations that cause cam type FAI were the most common. With respect to the degree of labral and chondral lesions, 1st degree lesions were the most common, irrespective of the presence or type of FAI, except in mixed cam-pincer FAIs, in which 3rd degree lesions were predominant. No relationship was observed between the degree of labral and chondral lesion.

Acetabular Labral Tears in Patients with Sports Injury

BACKGROUND: We wanted to investigate acetabular labral tears and their correlation with femoroacetabular impingement in patients with sports injury. METHODS: Among 111 patients who were diagnosed with the acetabular labral tears after arthroscopic treatment from January 2004 to December 2007, we selected 41 patients with sports injury. There were 12 cases of Taekwondo injury, 5 of golf injury, 4 of soccer injury, 3 of gymnastics injury, 2 of Hapkido injury, 2 of aerobics injury, 2 of rock-climbing injury, 2 of fitness training injury and 9 of other sports injuries. We checked the subtypes of acetabular labral tears and the accompanying femoroacetabular impingement. For the cases with accompanying femoroacetabular impingement, we investigated the subtypes according to the types of sports, gender and age. At last follow-up, we checked the Harris Hip Score (HHS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) sports scale and the percentage of patients who returned to their sports activity. RESULTS: The average age of symptomatic onset was 26 years (range, 12 to 65 years). The ratio of males to females was 29 : 12. An average duration of the hip pain was 17 months (range, 1 to 60 months). The degenerative type of acetabular labral tears was the most prevalent with 32 cases (78%), and there were 9 cases (22%) of the partial tear type. Thirty cases (73%) were accompanied by femoroacetabular impingement. The average age of the 23 cases (56%) of the cam-type was 23 years (range, 12 to 48 years), and it was more likely to occur in men (87%) and for people practicing martial arts such as Taekwondo or Hapkido. An average age of the 5 cases (12%) of the pincer-type was 26 (range, 16 to 43 years), it usually occurred in women (60%) and for non-martial arts such as golf and gymnastics. There were 2 cases of the mixed type (cam + pincer-type). At 27 months follow-up, the HHS was 61 to 92 points, the HOS sports scale increased 43 to 75%, and the rate of returning to sports was 71%. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the early expression of symptoms and the short duration of the acetabular labral tears, the high rate of degenerative acetabular labral tears in sports patients is likely associated with repetitive injury after the expression of symptoms. Femoroacetabular impingement in sports patients is seemed to be a cause of the early occurrence of acetabular labral tears. Because the possibility of acetabular labral tears is high in femoroacetabular impingement, sports patients may need to undergo early screening for the diagnosis and care of femoroacetabular impingement.